岷江较场台地地震裂缝形成机制及其边坡稳定影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

卫宏  王兰生 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(4):17-19,24

岷江上游的大、小海子是两个相连的地震滑坡、崩塌堰塞湖。几十年来对湖泊东岸较场镇台地的认识不一，其岸坡稳定问题是利用该天然湖泊建设水电站的关键。通过现场调查与钻探、测试，发现岷江上游的较场台地是一个向岷江凸出的、1万a前形成的湖相沉积台地。1933年，在强烈地震作用下，较场台地发生了强烈裂陷，未发生大规模的滑移，在台地上形成了两组近于垂直的地裂缝。进一步研究表明，这两组地裂缝虽然是在同一诱发因素下，在同一时间、同一地点形成的，但它们的形成机制却不同。一组走向近SN，是在强烈地震作用下，追踪岩体中原有的两组构造节理进一步裂开的产物，可称为地震构造追踪型地裂缝；另一组走向近EW，是顺向边坡中的层状岩体，在地震作用下沿软弱层发生层间滑动，地面被拉开、沉陷而形成的，可称为地震层间滑动型地裂缝。两种类型的地裂缝与层面的空间组合，控制着台地的稳定与演化。特别是当遇到类似1933年那样的地震，甚至由于两种地震地裂缝与层间错动面的存在，不需要那么高强度的地震，就可能诱发大规模的边坡稳定问题。这应该引起天龙湖水电站与213国道等管理部门的重视。  相似文献   

THE SENSITIVITY TEST STUDY OF AIR-SEA SURFACE FLUX MODEL   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姚华栋  阎俊岳  蒋国荣  何金海  吴咏明 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2004,10(2):201-209

In this article, a sensitivity test of air-sea surface flux model was carried out with the field observation data of Project “South China Sea Air-Sea Flux Measurement in 2000”. The results show that sensible heat fluxes are sensitive to observation errors, increasing the error of model calculation; In contrast, the latent heat flux and momentum flux are not as sensitive to observation errors as the sensible heat, and their calculated results are reliable. The test result also verifies…  相似文献   

On the Measurement of the Tensile Strength of Soft Rocks   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8  

A. Coviello  R. Lagioia  R. Nova 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2005,38(4):251-273

Summary. This paper reports on a comparative study of various types of experimental tests for measuring the tensile strength of rocks and rock-like materials. A critical assessment is presented of some widely used laboratory techniques on the basis of experimental data from the literature and from the laboratory investigation performed in this study.Tests were carried out using a triaxial apparatus recently set up at Milan University of Technology. This was designed to reduce random misalignments between specimen and loading frame, which are typical of conventional triaxial cells with external tie bars. The apparatus was then modified to perform various types of tests for determining the tensile strength of materials. An artificial building stone and a natural calcarenite of the Gravina di Puglia geological formation, sampled at Montescaglioso (Matera-Italy) were tested in this research. The experimental investigation included various types of tests, namely the uni-axial, the Brazilian, the ring, the three and four points bending and the Luong test. Specimens of both materials were also compressed to failure in unconfined conditions and loaded cyclically in unconfined tension and compression, Young’s moduli being measured by means of local instrumentation.  相似文献   

Uplift‐restraining Friction Pendulum seismic isolation system     

Panayiotis C. Roussis  Michael C. Constantinou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(5):577-593

This paper extends the scope of seismic isolation by introducing an innovative uplift‐restraining Friction Pendulum system. Termed the XY‐FP isolator, the new isolation device consists of two orthogonal opposing concave beams interconnected through a sliding mechanism that permits tension to develop in the bearing, thereby preventing uplift. Owing to its distinct configuration, the XY‐FP isolator possesses unique properties for a seismic isolator, including uplift restraint, decoupling of the bi‐directional motion along two orthogonal directions, and capability of providing independent stiffness and energy dissipation along the principal horizontal directions of the bearing. The study concentrates on introducing the concept and establishing the underlying principles of operation of the new XY‐FP isolator, formulating the mathematical model for the XY‐FP isolator, and presenting its mechanical behaviour through a displacement‐control testing program on a single XY‐FP isolator. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

改进型焦利氏秤与传统实验对比研究     

饶黄云  刘传安  潘小青 《华东地质学院学报》2006,29(2):197-200

针对高校教材《普通物理实验》中液体表面张力系数的测定实验存在的一些问题,进行了认真分析,指出传统实验前后所测量的一些物理量不是等精度测量,因而有必要对实验原理和公式进行修正。改进型焦利氏秤,在载物台下装有测量机构,实验测量方法有所改变,实验思路更加明确,并经实验比对,使用改进型焦利氏秤做此实验,不仅操作和计算简便,而且所得结果更接近公论值,取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

Relationships between volcanic patterns and neotectonics in Eastern Anatolia from analysis of satellite images and DEM     

. Ad&#x;yaman  J. Chorowicz  O. Kse 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1998,85(1-4)

The late Neogene to Quaternary volcanism in Eastern Anatolia is related to the Arabia–Eurasia convergence but a clear deformation pattern has not yet been established in this region. We have used the distribution and shape of volcanoes and fault geometry as indicators of the tectonic regime. Volcanic edifices and related faults were analyzed in vertical view using SAR–ERS, Spot images and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In several places, adjacent volcanoes that form linear clusters or elongated volcanoes are clearly rooted on vertical tension fractures. These are compatible with horizontal σ₃ striking 90°N, associated with σ₁ horizontal (strike-slip regime) or vertical (extensional regime). We mapped the recent faults that are directly associated to volcanoes. Volcanic vents are related to tail-crack, horsetail or releasing bend structures. In this work, it has been possible to define the ESE-striking, 270-km-long Tutak–Hamur–Çaldiran fault that forms a releasing bend testifying to right-lateral motion. Extension is well documented for few places but no recent fold has been observed. Since 8 Ma, the tectonic system is principally strike-slip. Most of the tension fractures being 2 to 10 km in length, so we infer that they affect only part of the crust. Most strike-slip fault zones are of several tens to a few hundred kilometers long and thus not of lithospheric scale. Therefore, the channels used by the magma to reach the surface are crustal structures.  相似文献   

关于厄尔尼诺成因的新认识   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨扬鉴  陈延成 《化工矿产地质》1998,20(3):199-204

据前人统计,厄尔尼诺出现于地球自转速度急剧变慢的第二年。造成这种现象的主因,是地球间歇性不对称膨胀,引起自转速度几年一次的准周期性急剧变慢。在该时期南北半球岩石圈产生强烈的离开赤道的体力,使赤道地区发生东西向张性断裂活动。位于阻力较小的软流层之上的太平洋岩石圈,不仅规模大、动力强,而且存在着东太平洋海隆薄弱带,并与秘鲁海沟应变空间毗邻,故现今太平洋东部赤道地区的东西向张性断裂最为发育,形成规模宏大的卡内基断裂带和加拉帕戈斯断裂带。它们活动促使海底的岩浆和热水喷溢,导致厄尔尼诺的海水升温多从秘鲁－厄尔多尔沿岸开始。地球自转速度变慢过程中,赤道地区的大气和海水获得较多的向东角动量,造成该地区的信风和向西流动洋流减弱、东太平洋冷水上翻涌升流衰缓,加速赤道东太平流海域温度变暖,助长厄尔尼诺的形成。全球大气角动量的季节性变化,也引起地球自转速度冬季慢夏季快的周年项变化,使厄尔尼诺年增温盛期一般出现于年末前后。  相似文献   

关于计算机自动绘制光滑曲线的数学方法的探索   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

和正民 《城市地质》1998,10(1):17-24

在计算机绘制地图光滑曲线的方法中,线形插值法计算简单,失真率较大。正轴抛物线平均加权法在一些特殊情况下曲线会偏离节点。斜轴抛物线平均加权法可以获得比较满意的结果,但计算复杂,不利于在微机上运用。本文介绍的张力样条函数插值法,方法严密,计算亦不复杂,对小型的制图系统比较适用。其显著特点是具有一个张力系数σ,当σ→０时,张力样条函数就等同于三次样条函数;当σ→∞时,则退化为分段线形函数。因此,可以选择合适的σ,使得节点间的曲线为最短,既能消除可能出现的多余拐点,又能保持曲线的光滑性。  相似文献   

基于环境振动的斜拉桥拉索基频识别   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

陈刚  任伟新 《地震工程与工程振动》2003,23(3):100-106

斜拉索是现代斜拉桥最重要的结构构件，索力在斜拉桥的施工控制和长期监测中起着重要作用。振动测试法是斜拉桥索力测定、监测和状态评估中应用最广泛的一种方法。振动法测索力的关键在于准确地识别出索的基频。本文使用自功率谱和倒频谱方法，基于MATLAB平台，开发出了斜拉桥拉索环境振动模态分析图形用户交互(GUI)工具箱，实现了斜拉索基频的快速自动识别。应用本文的方法，对福州青洲闽江主跨605m斜拉桥拉索的环境振动实测加速度数据进行了分析处理，斜拉索基频识别方便直观，结果可靠。  相似文献   

低渗岩石非线性渗流机理讨论   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

王恩志  韩小妹  黄远智 《岩土力学》2003,(Z2)

回顾了单相液体在低渗透饱和岩石的非线性渗流研究某些进展。从岩石孔隙结构、岩石与流体之间的相互作用和流体性质方面介绍了对低速非线性渗流产生机理的不同观点,探讨了孔隙大小、孔喉对启动压力的影响,讨论了界面张力、边界层、耦合渗流、非牛顿流体对非线性渗流形成的作用机制,并对进一步开展低渗透岩石渗流研究提出了建议。  相似文献